Information system does not require a computer
Computerized is focus of class which do involve a computer
Non-computerized systems will be called manual information systems
o
People are the most important component of any information system
o
Information processing cycle
Input: collection of data and its conversion into a form that allows processing
Processing: manipulation and transformation of data
Storage: holding place for data so that it can be retrieved at a later time
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Output: transformation of processed data into a form that can be understood by
its eventual user
Control: enforcement of correct processing procedures
o
Information systems have six critical elements
Data: raw facts, text, numbers, images, and the like that serve as the inputs for
producing information
Hardware: physical devices such as the processor, storage media, and peripheral
devices
Computer, storage devices, printers, keyboards, and communication
devices
Software: set of instructions that govern the operation of an information system
Two types of software, systems and application
People buy computers to run application software where as systems
software is a “necessary evil”
Communication media: set of devices and protocols (rules) that enable computers
to communicate with each other
Procedures: instructions for the proper use of the information system
People: individuals who use the information system
Use and interpret the output
How information systems help us deal with information
o
Information systems let us gather large amounts of data quickly, easily, and reliably
o
Allow businesses to store and organize very large amounts of data
o
Perform their data manipulations quickly, accurately, and consistently
o
Let us retrieve and output information in a variety of forms, depending on what is useful
to the user
Charts and graphs for large amounts of data at a glance
Printed reports are often better for showing detail
o
Business rule: a statement that defines or constrains an aspect of a business with the
intent of controlling behaviors within the business
o
Southwest was the first airline to use barcodes
How information systems facilitate organizational change
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Process improvements
Can help organizations improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of
processes
ATM (process made easier)
Bring about improvements and control
o
Automation
Processes that have been totally automated
Shopping online, filling a gas tank
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Control
Enable organizational change by improving process controls
Information system checks the status of the account before allowing the customer
to pump any gas
o
Information flow
Improve communication and information flow in organizations
Workflow systems facilitate information flow throughout a work task
The system manages the flow of information and controls the process
Facilitate information sharing
Common information systems
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Personal applications: serve to help make individuals’ daily work more efficient
and
effective
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