○ How long before returning a call/text? ○ Wait your turn or cut in? Rudeness vs politeness ● Personal Appearance ○ Body displays (hair color/style, piercing, tattoos, etc.) ○ Clothing and artifacts ■ Can signal authority, legitimacy and belonging ● Intrapersonal Communication (perception of self and others) ○ Interpersonal is within interpersonal is between ○ Perception processes ■ Intrapersonal comm involves mentally “making sense” of people/world. ■ Attention ● We are selective about what we perceive. ● Internal factors affecting attention: ○ Physiological filters (pain, disabilities such as deaf or blind, lack of sleep). ■ Our physical state in the moment. ■ Limitations of our senses and brain. ■ Focus on two things at once doesn’t split your focus on half it ends up being about 10% and 10%. ○ Psychological filters ■ Motivation or interest ■ Past experiences and expectations ● External Factors that affect attention ○ salience : stimulus stands out from others (colors, tastes, etc.)

○ Vividness: stimulus has intensity, provokes emotional response. ■ Organization ● We structure our perceptions ○ Simplify complex info. ○ Fit info into “schemas” ■ Which are mental structures for representing generic concepts. Ex: what happens when you go to the doctor. Have a general idea of what to expect from past experiences our traditions. ■ Interpretation ● We evaluate our perceptions. ○ Make judgments, draw conclusions. ○ Biases and mental short-cuts (include schemas, stereotypes, etc.) influence our conclusions. ● Example: pic of rabbit/duck. Week 4#2: Intrapersonal Communication (cont) ● Upload paper by monday on gs and bring hard copy to lecture. ● Review guide online after wed week 5. ● Impression formation ○ The way we combine info to get a general “sense” of a person. ○ overall, taking everything together, what is your general sense? ○ Attend to some info, not all. ○ Organize info into a weighted average . ■ What gets the greatest weight? ● Info about stable traits (part of who they are, not a mood or something temporary, nice person) ● Info about “central” traits (so valued to you that when someone has it, it will carry more weight than other traits, being funny) ○ Warm vs cold trait example in class. ● Info from a credible source ● Info we receive first (“primary effect”) ○ If you trip going into an interview that will weigh the most. ● Info about extreme or unusual behavior. (olympic gold medalist example)-can be good or bad things. ● Info about negative traits (trip in interview) ○ Need to be aware of negative traits to protect ourselves. ○ Biases in Impression Formation ■ Halo effect - initial impression (pos or neg) influences how we weigh other information. No matter what bad the “good kid” does, they are still the good kid and vice versa. ■ Contrast effect - impressions influenced by comparison to who just came before/ something else. Meet funny person then meet boring person, in