A.2.
Underlying motivations
A.1.a.
Antipathy for racial equality
A.1.b.
Desire for controllable labor
A.2.
Reign of Terror
A.1.a.
Against any perceived threat to white supremacy
A.1.b.
Against Republicans, black and white
A.1.c.
Ku Klux Klan and other secret societies, aka, “military arm of the Democratic
party in the South”
C.
Northern response
A.1.
Measures to protect blacks' rights
A.1.a.
Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871
A.1.a.i.
Outlawed terrorist societies and allowed the president to use the army
against them.
A.1.a.ii.
Defined federal laws
that violated civil and political rights (rather than
state law)
A.1.b.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
A.1.b.i.
Outlawed racial discrimination in public places.
A.2.
North’s retreat from Reconstruction
during the 1870’s
A.1.a.
Liberal Republicans
were formed
A.1.a.i.
During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans attacked
Reconstruction and called it a failure.
A.1.a.ii.
Believed that federal power should be curtailed; Trumbull,
A.1.a.iii.
Nominated Horace Greeley for president
A.1.a.iv.
Less committed to equal rights for blacks than Radicals were.
A.1.b.
Resurgence of northern racism
A.1.b.i.
Believed the New South was corrupts and barbaric due to Negro
government.
A.1.b.ii.
Blacks were blamed for the Reconstruction failure.
A.1.c.
Economic depression
A.1.d.
Supreme Court decisions
A.1.a.i.
Slaughterhouse Cases
1873
– ruled that the 14th amendment did not alter
traditional federalism and most citizens rights remained under state
control.
A.1.a.ii.
U.S. v. Cruikshank
1876
- ct threw out conviction of participants in the
Colfax Massacre by gutting the Enforcement Acts.
D.
Death throes of Reconstruction
A.1.
1874
Democratic
gains in South; called themselves the "Redeemers" to white South
from corruption, misgovernment and northern and black control.
A.2.
Resurgence of terror in state where Reconstruction government remained. (Mississippi)
A.3.
Rise of electoral fraud
A.4.
Disputed election of 1876 and Bargain of 1877 (Hayes – Tilden)
A.4.a.
Bargain of 1877
marked the formal end to Reconstruction.
A.5.
The end of Reconstruction
Chapter 16
America’s Gilded Age, 1870-1890
Shallow display and worship of weath.
I.
II.
1886
A.
The Statue of Liberty was dedicated in 1886 – to inspire renewed devotion to the nation’s
political and economic system.
B.
Great upheaval – wave of strikes and labor protests across the nation
III.
Second industrial revolution
A.
Between the end of the Civil War and the early 20
th
century
B.
Rapid economic growth
B.1.
Abundant natural resources,
B.2.
Growing supply of labor
B.3.
Expanding market for manufactured goods
B.4.
Available capital for investment.
B.5.
Federal government promoted industrial/ agricultural development
B.5.a.
enacted high tariffs to protect industry.
B.5.b.
Granted land to railroads for construction
B.5.c.
Used the army to remove Indians from lands for farming/mining.
C.
Rapid expansion of factory production, mining, and railroad in the US – except the South
C.1.
By 1880, the majority of work was in non-farming jobs.
