A.1.c.Ku Klux Klan and other secret societies, aka, “military arm of the Democraticparty in the South”C.Northern responseA.1.Measures to protect blacks' rightsA.1.a.Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871A.1.a.i.Outlawed terrorist societies and allowed the president to use the armyagainst them.A.1.a.ii.Defined federal lawsthat violated civil and political rights (rather thanstate law)A.1.b.Civil Rights Act of 1875A.1.b.i.Outlawed racial discrimination in public places.A.2.North’s retreat from Reconstructionduring the 1870’sA.1.a.Liberal Republicanswere formedA.1.a.i.During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans attackedReconstruction and called it a failure.A.1.a.ii.Believed that federal power should be curtailed; Trumbull,A.1.a.iii.Nominated Horace Greeley for presidentA.1.a.iv.Less committed to equal rights for blacks than Radicals were.A.1.b.Resurgence of northern racismA.1.b.i.Believed the New South was corrupts and barbaric due to Negrogovernment.A.1.b.ii.Blacks were blamed for the Reconstruction failure.A.1.c.Economic depressionA.1.d.Supreme Court decisionsA.1.a.i.Slaughterhouse Cases1873– ruled that the 14th amendment did not altertraditional federalism and most citizens rights remained under statecontrol.A.1.a.ii.U.S. v. Cruikshank1876- ct threw out conviction of participants in theColfax Massacre by gutting the Enforcement Acts.D.Death throes of ReconstructionA.1.1874Democraticgains in South; called themselves the "Redeemers" to white Southfrom corruption, misgovernment and northern and black control.A.2.Resurgence of terror in state where Reconstruction government remained. (Mississippi)A.3.Rise of electoral fraudA.4.Disputed election of 1876 and Bargain of 1877 (Hayes – Tilden)A.4.a.Bargain of 1877marked the formal end to Reconstruction.A.5.The end of Reconstruction