Promotion of drainage in the sinuses and improving

Promotion of drainage in the sinuses and improving air
flow

Pharmacokinetics
o
Well absorbed, widely distributed in the body
o
Metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted in urine

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Oral Decongestants #3
Oral Decongestants #3

Contraindications
o
Any condition that might be exacerbated by sympathetic
activity

Adverse Effects
o
Rebound congestion
o
Sympathetic effects

Drug-to-Drug Interactions
o
OTC products that contain pseudoephedrine; taking
concurrently can cause serious side effects

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Nursing Considerations for
Oral Decongestants
Nursing Considerations for
Oral Decongestants

Assess:
o
History and Physical Exam and known allergy
o
Pregnancy, lactation, hypertension, CAD
o
Hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, or prostate
enlargement
o
Orientation, reflexes, and affect
o
VS and LS
o
Prototype: Pseudoephedrine

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Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants #1
Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants #1

Drugs: beclomethasone (Beconase), budesonide
(Pulmicort, Rhinocort), flunisolide (Nasalide), fluticasone
(Flonase), triamcinolone (Nasacort)

Actions- relieve inflammation
o
Antiinflammatory effect
o
Work to turn off the immune system cells involved in
the inflammatory response
o
Decreased inflammation results in decreased
congestion.

Not associated with rebound congestion

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Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants #2
Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants #2

Indications
o
Often used prophylactically to prevent nasal
congestion in patients with chronic upper respiratory
tract symptoms, Seasonal allergic rhinitis;
Inflammation after the removal of nasal polyps

Pharmacokinetics
o
Generally not absorbed systemically

Contraindications
o
Acute infection

Caution
o
Active infection
o
Avoid exposure to airborne infections

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Nursing Considerations for Topical Nasal
Steroid Decongestants
Nursing Considerations for Topical Nasal
Steroid Decongestants

Assess:
o
History and Physical Exam and known allergy
o
Nasal mucosa, respiration and adventitious sounds
o
Temperature

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Prototype Topical Nasal Steroid
Decongestants
Prototype Topical Nasal Steroid
Decongestants

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Antihistamines #1
Antihistamines #1

Relieve respiratory symptoms and treat allergies

First-generation (Anticholinergic effects/ Drowsiness)
o
Brompheniramine ( J-Tan ), Diphenhydramine
(Benedryl), Chlorpheniramine( Aller-Chlor ),
Promethazine(Phenergan) and many others
o
See table 54.3

Second generation (Nonsedating)
o
Fexofenadine (Allegra), Loratadine (Claritin),
Cetirizine (Zyrtec),

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Antihistamines #2
Antihistamines #2

Actions: Antihistamines have several properties
o
Antihistaminic, Anticholinergic, Sedative
o