Call to “help” Native Americans
•
“Vanishing Race” must be saved
•
If it was possible to evolve and environment and living practices were the measurement,
the answer was in changing
Education- Richard Pratt
•
Founded Carlisle Indian School, a former army post November 1, 1879
•
Boarding School was harsh
•
Many schools they were cadet uniforms, marched to class and obeyed teacher’s
command
•
Were beaten if spoke native language
•
Ended September 1, 1918, when became hospital in WWI
•
Many male students were old enough to join the Army and Navy in war, so the student
population severely depleted
Outing System
•
Lacing students with white rural families near the school fro 3 years. The fed gov paid
host family $50 a year for medical care and clothing. For student, he learned agricultural
lifestyle from farmer
•
At some schools, students were leant out during summer months to local white families
•
Somewhat like indentured servants
•
Every school has its graveyard
•
Young children especially died most
•
What led to high number of deaths
o
Poor food
o
Poor living conditions and sanitation
o
Abuse
o
Brokenhearted, hopelessness, etc.
Converging Ideas and Ideals
•
“West”
o
Agriculture, farming, homesteads
•
“East Coast”
o
Industrialization
o
Factory work
o
Rise of modern cities
Frontier Closed
•
By superintendent of U.S. Census
Frontier Thesis
•
First read paper at meeting of American Historical Association, AT Chicago World’s Fair,
July 12, 1893
•
“Winning a wilderness, and developing at each area of this progress out of primitive
economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life.”
•
Settler becomes like the Indian… hardened by wilderness to be made strong and
conquer it
•
Idea of conquering everything... like today in Canada, space, the ocean, etc.
Rising Cites
•
Standardization
•
Increased mobility
•
Commodities
•
Increasing
Separation
while also increasing
Connections
Industrialization
•
Former farmers, business owners, craft shop owners and workers… now in large
industrial jobs
•
Development of working class
•
Mass migration to city
•
Railroads
o
Created time zones
•
