Heightened colonial control o taxation without

3.) Heightened Colonial Control
o Taxation without representations
o Denial of Fair Trial
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
o Britain
-
Mother of the 13 Colonies
- Laws were against the Magna Charta
1.) Limited Monarchy - Rights
2.) Fair Trial
3.) Tax with Representation
- Colonies appealed for Reforms
 Boston Massacre

4
o George III
- Leader of Britan
- lifted some of the reforms but implemented the Tea Act  Monopolize Tea
o Boston Tea Party
- against the Tea Act
- Reacted by throwing tea to the sea
 1 st Continental Congress
- for peace
- Led to the ambush at Lexington and Concord
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King ordered Britain army to kill Samuel Adams and John Hancock (Leaders of Reforms)
 Supporters ambushed the British Army
 Start of the REVOLUTION
 George Washington – leader of the 2 nd National Congress
 American Independence
- Declared on July 4, 1776
- Written by Thomas Jefferson  emphasizes HUMAN RIGHTS  freedom from Tyranny
o After the declaration Britain sent more troops to get back the colonies  Mercantilism Agenda
o War between US (Patriot vs. Loyalist) and Britain Armies
US Armies Britain Armies
George Washington – farmer More Modern Technologies (weapons, strategies)
Independent Colonies (no loyalty, no funds) Paid and Trained Army
Commitment and knowledge of the Terrain Suspicion, not supported
- George Washington tried to use Militia (fighting for your own Colony)
- British WON
 Battle at Saratoga
- “Turning point”
- US Victory
- Loyalists changed their side
- Funds were given by the loyalist
- Foreign aids come in by France and Spain
- Victory in Yorktown
o Lord Cornwallis
- a corrupt leader that was surrounded by the armies
- surrendered to the US at Yorktown because of the cut-off of food and weapons
INDIPENDENT US
 Central Government: WEAK
- Constitution  Federal Government
o Executive – execute laws
o Legislative – draft laws
o Judicial – evaluate laws
 Consequence: Other countries wanted to be independent as well
FRENCE REVOLUTION
 Causes of the French Revolution
1.) Liberty- liberty from Medieval Structures  Division between the Rich (luxury) and Poor (Hunger)  loyalty
2.) Equality – abolition of the Estates General  Clergy, Nobility, Peasantry
3.) Fraternity – Equal Opportunity for all
4.) Economic Decay
5.) Enlightened Ideas – Control of Government, Human Rights
 Phase One: Reforms
o May 1789
- King Louis XVI called for the Estates General to talk on the issue of tax collection to resolve the debt problem of France
- The three estates did not agree on changing the rules on votation  Not Successful
o June 1789
- Third Estate established the National Assembly
- Later on joined by two other estates to talk about tax collection

5
o July 14, 1789
- The peasants being all fired up siege the Bastille , a symbol of the Old Regime’s Tyranny  abuse
 Weapons
o August 27, 1789
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizens (education for all)
- 1791 Constitution Safe Guarded the Citizens
 Phase Two: Violent Reprisals
-