P 163 what are cataracts glaucoma ptosis what is an

3. P. 163: What are cataracts, glaucoma, ptosis? What is an age related change in the
retina that results in poor vision, esp. in the center of the visual field? Hearing acuity at birth –
can babies hear before birth? Hearing changes in infancy p. 164. Hearing in adulthood and
aging: presbycusis (truncated range hearing).
4. P. 166: Olfactory capability at 1 wk. Taste & Smell - Does early experience affect
later taste preference, what can newborns smell, what soothes them? Describe the
development of attention from infancy to adolescence (lecture, see also Fig. 4 on p. 209 & p.
207-211 ). Know selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention, executive attention,
orienting, and vigilance.

6-day-old infants who were breast fed showed a clear preference for smelling
their mother's breast pad rather than a clean breast pad

Selective attention is focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is
relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant.
 Divided attention involves concentrating on more than one activity at the
same time.

Sustained attention i s the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus
for a prolonged period of time. Sustained attention, which is also called vigilance,
involves being on high alert for opportunity or danger as well as paying attention for a
length of time.

Executive attention involves planning actions, allocating attention to goals,
detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with
novel or difficult circumstances.