Recall the two monomers of glucose relate the

 Recall the two monomers of
Glucose
 Relate the structure of
Glycogen, Starch and
Cellulose to their function in
animal and plant cells
3.1.2 Carbohydrates.
Glucose has two isomers, α-
glucose and β-glucose.
Polysaccharides are formed by the
condensation of many glucose
units.
• Glycogen and starch are formed
by the condensation of α-glucose.
• Cellulose is formed by the
condensation of β-glucose.
The basic structure and functions
of glycogen, starch and cellulose.
The relationship of structure to
function of these substances in
animal cells and plant cells.
PS1.1 MS0.1 MS1.1 MS1.11
MS 2.2 MS2.3 MS3.3
MS3.5 PS3.1 PS3.2 PS3.3
1.3
© HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2015 6

11 Carbohydrates
Students should perform the tests
for reducing and non-reducing
sugars, be able to describe the
method and results for the
Biochemical tests and use them to
correctly identify unknown
substances. They can complete
Assignment 3: Identifying
Carbohydrates from Biochemical
Tests.
 Describe the Biochemical
tests used to identify
carbohydrates.
3.1.2 Carbohydrates
Biochemical tests using Benedict's
solution for reducing sugars and
non-reducing sugars and
iodine/potassium iodide for
starch.
PS1.2 PS4.1
AT f
Students could use, and
interpret the results of,
qualitative tests for
reducing sugars, non-
reducing sugars and starch.
1.3
© HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 2015 7

One hour lessons Learning Outcomes Specification Content Skills Covered
Student Book
Section
Required
Practicals
CHAPTER 2 – Lipids and Proteins (9 hours)
1 Lipids - Triglycerides
Students should recall that lipids
are biological molecules
containing C, H and O. They should
recognise Triglycerides as a group
of lipid formed by condensation
reactions between glycerol and
fatty acid chains and be able to
draw and label this reaction and
the formation of ester bonds. They
may be able to synthesise
diagrams of the hydrolysis
reactions which break these
molecules down. Students should
recognise saturated, unsaturated
and polyunsaturated fatty acids
and describe the presence or
absence of double bonds within
them. Molymods can be used to
make glycerol, saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids and
triglycerides.
 Describe the structure of a
triglyceride
 Describe, draw and label the
condensation reactions
required to form these
molecules
 Describe how R-group of a
fatty acid maybe saturated
or unsaturated
3.3.1 Lipids
Triglycerides and phospholipids
are two groups of lipid.
Triglycerides are formed by the
condensation of one molecule of
glycerol and three molecules of
fatty acid.
A condensation reaction between
glycerol and a fatty acid (RCOOH)
forms an ester bond.
The R-group of a fatty acid may be
saturated or unsaturated.
Students should be able to:
• recognise, from diagrams,
saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids.
2.1
2 Lipids – Phospholipids
Students should recognise that in
a Phospholipid one of the fatty
acid chains in a triglyceride is
substituted for a phosphate group
and be able to draw and label the
molecule. They should be able to
draw and label this reaction and
the formation of ester bonds. They