Points Earned: 1.0/1 .0 Correct Answer(s): D 10.

What probably happened to create the two rocks with the orange surfaces, seen in the center of the above picture from Greenland? A) A tree root cracked the rock, which killed the tree, so we don’t see the tree anymore B) Expansion from water freezing in the crack wedged the rock apart C) A performance artist painted the rock orange, to signify the coming of deer-hunting season D) The rock was recently erupted from a volcano, thrown high in the air, and broke when it hit the surface, as shown by the orange caused by heat from the volcano E) The two pieces of rock with the orange are completely unrelated, and just happened to wind up next to each other Feedback: Frost-wedging is probably the most important process in breaking rocks. Tree roots do crack rocks, but in this case, the root almost certainly would have shoved the rocks farther apart, and breaking rocks doesn’t kill trees. The broken surface is colored by lichen, which doesn’t look much like paint. And if a volcano made the orange, the orange would be on the outside as well. Points Earned: 1.0/1 .0 Correct Answer(s): B 11. Most landslides happen when:

A) The unconsolidated materials on hillslopes are dry, so the grains roll easily downhill. B) The unconsolidated materials on hillslopes are damp, so the grains are made slippery by the water. C) The unconsolidated materials on hillslopes are very wet and thus heavy and slippery, and the water doesn’t have to “break” as the grains move. D) The unconsolidated materials on hillslopes are paved with blacktop. E) The unconsolidated materials on hillslopes are paved with concrete. Feedback: Dry sand can move, but even very dry times on hillsides usually don’t cause landslides. But let a hurricane really saturate things, and all heck can break loose. Paving causes lots of changes, but landslides are not usually the result. Points Earned: 1.0/1 .0 Correct Answer(s): C 12. What is accurate about the planet’s climate system? A) The wind blows because heating of the poles drives convection cells in the atmosphere, and the winds appear to curve to the left or right over the surface of the planet because of the planet's the planet is spherical shape . B) The wind blows because heating near the equator drives convection cells in the atmosphere, and the winds appear to curve to the left or right over the surface of the planet because of the planet's spherical shape . C) The wind blows because heating near the equator drives convection cells in the atmosphere, and the winds appears to curve to the left or right over the surface of the planet because of friction produced by the spherical planet's rotation beneath the atmosphere . D) The wind blows because heating near the poles drives convection cells in the atmosphere, and the winds appear to curve to the left or right over the surface of the planet because of friction produced by the spherical planet's rotation beneath the atmospher e.