topping or as the lowest pricedthem offers a distinct positioningIn the positioning decision, cauerrors: Under positioning is donehighlighted. As a result, the cusOver positioning is done whenclaims of positioning. Confusecategorize the product correctdifferently from what was intenfinds it difficult to believe the poPositioning map is a valuable tographically illustrating consumeindustry. For instance, a pocharacteristics, price and quality,major competitors based on thpositioning map from informaaccumulated knowledge about a2.8.Positioning IdentitiesPositioning is creating an identitythe following four positioning id1.Who am I:It refers to theand the ‘stable’ from wmental associations when2.What am I:It refers todifferentiation is formedinstance, the Japanese carprice and utility-value.3.For whom am I:It refersthe that market segment fcompetitive advantage.traditionally focused onserious car buyer.4.Why me:It highlightscompared to the competinshould select this brandJapanese car makers havlines of quality and techn2.9.Positioning and DifferenPositioning is a mean by which ganother and give customers a reaform of:offering the best value for money. Each oneg possibility for a pizza.ution must be taken to avoid certain positionine when a unique, but not so important attributestomer does not see any value in such a positiothe product performance does not justify the taed positioning is when the customer failstly and the product ends up being perceivnded. Doubtful positioning is when the customositioning claims.ool to help marketers to position their products bers’ perceptions of competing products withinositioning map might present two differe, and show how consumers view a product andhese traits. Marketers can create a competitiation solicited from consumers or from themarket.y to your product. This identity is a cumulativedentities.e corporate credentials like the origin, family trwhich it comes from. For instance, think of tn a buyer buys a Japanese car and it is a Honda!the functional capabilities. The perceived brand using the brand’s capabilities and benefits. Frs are known for their fuel-efficiency, reasonabls to the target segment for the brand. It identififor which his brand seems to be just right and hFor instance, the Japanese car makers hathe quality conscious, value-seeking and rathethe differential advantage of the brand whng brands. It gives reasons as to why the customin preference to any other brand. For instancve tried to score a competitive advantage on tnology.ntiationgoods and services can be differentiated from oason to buy. These differentiations may be in tofngison.alltovedmerbyanentitsiveeirofreethendForle-ieshasaveer-henmerce,theonetheSegmentation,Targeting andPositioning