6. Incentives to increase student effort: evaluations to motivate studentsto give their best efforts; High grades, stars, and prizes give as rewards for good work – students value these because parents do-How is student learning evaluated?
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Achievement tests should include the types of test items that are most
appropriate for measuring the desired learning outcomes; correspond as closely
as possible to the ultimate instructional objectives
Achievement tests should fit the particular uses that will be made of the results;
each type of achievement test has its own requirements – a test that is used for
diagnosis would focus on particular skills with which students might need help;
formative tests should be very closely tied to material that has recently been
presented, whereas summative tests should survey broader areas of knowledge
or skills
Achievement tests should be as reliable as possible and should be interpreted
with caution; a test is reliable to the degree that students who were tested a
second time would fall in the same rank order;
Achievement tests should improve learning
o
Table of Specifications: a list of instructional objectives and expected levels of
understanding that guides test development
Varies for each type of course and is nearly identical to behavior content
matrixes
Standards:
1.
Do the items emphasize the same things you emphasized in day-to-day
instruction?
