Can measure the amount of oxygen that is inhaled and

Can measure the amount of oxygen that is inhaled and the amount of carbon
dioxide that is exhaled
 Because it is proportional to the “burning of calories” since any
combustion process requires the combination of the food component with
oxygen to release carbon dioxide and water
 It is difficult to burn calories with exercise because you have to do a lot of work to get rid
of those calories
o Ex. APPLE PIE:
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 one slice = 300 calorie
 with ice cream = 500 calories.
o How much exercise do you have to do to get rid of those extra 500 calories?
 Basal metabolic rate: varies on body size, gender
o It varies depending on whether you're male or female.
 Women need less calories, smaller body size, than men do
VIDEO 4:
VARIATION IN THE BASAL METABOLIC RATE
 Example:
o Have two cars with equal size gas tanks but two different kinds of cars.
o Fill the gas tank with gasoline so the amount of potential energy is exactly the
same because we've put the same amount of gasoline into the two cars.
o The total amount of energy that is available is the same in both cars but those two
cars are not going to run out of gas at the same time?
o Significant differences: one car can be heavier than the other  more energy to
move it , if one tire is flatter than the other  takes more energy to move it.
 Humans are biochemically individual
o We don't use up the same amount of energy to do the same thing
o Some people who have more efficient metabolism and therefore, they require
fewer calories to keep their body functioning
o There are different biochemistries that are involved, and that requires different
amounts of energy expenditure.
 For example, low-carbohydrate diets, work far better for some people than for others.
 People with metabolic syndrome do better on a low-carbohydrate diet than others
METABOLIC SYNDROME:
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 Blood pressure is high
o When the systolic/upper number is above 130 and the diastolic is above 85
o D = diastolic = denominator
 Why do we have metabolic syndrome?
o Part of it is genetic
IS OVERWEIGHT GENETIC?
 PIMA NATIVE AMERICANS:
o Mostly living in Arizona in the Southern US,
o Some live in the United States and some live in Mexico.
o A very large percentage of Pima who live in the United States are grossly
overweight.
o The Pima who live in Mexico, they don't tend to be as overweight as in the US.
 There is a genetic propensity for overweight but in order to bring that out, you also have
to have a poor diet.
 BROWN FAT: call it brown fat because when you look under a microscope it literally
looks brown.
o They are more adept at converting their food components, burning those and
releasing energy than our other fat cells
o Obese rodents have less brown fat : which means that they are less adept at
generating energy because they have fewer of these brown fat cells
 If you take some of these overweight rodents and you put them into a
refrigerator, they will shiver, and shiver, and shiver, as opposed to a lean
rodent that at first will shiver when you put it in the fridge. And then it