outer surface borders of the upper nine ribs, and the facia covering their intercostal spaces.
The insertion is located on the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula. The action of
this muscle is to protract the scapula by pulling it forward on the ribs and holding it close to
the chest wall. Several exercises that use this muscle are the bench press, shoulder press,
and press-ups. The Transverse abdominis (abdomen) muscle’s origin is the anterior two
thirds of the Iliac crest and costal cartilages of the lower six ribs, and its insertion is the
tendinous band between the sternum and pubis. The actions intended for this muscle is that
it compresses the abdomen and helps support the abdominal viscera against the pull of
gravity. An exercise utilizing this muscle is twisting sit-ups. Moving down we will now take a
look at the muscles in the hip region. The Gluteus maximus (buttocks) muscle’s origin is the
rear part of the pelvis, sacrum, and coccyx, and its insertion is located at the top of the
femur. The actions it performs are the extension and lateral
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rotation of the leg. Exercises utilizing this muscle are squats, seated leg presses, cable hip
extensions/kickbacks on the hip machine, and good morning exercises. The Tensor fasciae
latae (hip and thigh) muscle’s origin is the outer edge of the iliac crest, and its insertion is the
long fascia lata tendon just below the hip which runs to the upper lateral side of the tibia. The
actions this muscle performs are flexion, abduction, and medial rotation of the hip joint. It
tenses the fascia lata to stabilize the knee. Two hip flexors, Psoas major and Ilicus, muscle’s
origins are the lumbar vertebrae and at the top of the pelvis. Their insertions are located at
the upper part of the femur. Actions produced by these muscles are flexion of the femur and
vertebral column; flexion and lateral rotation of the leg. Exercises utilizing these muscles are
squats and lunges. Now, lets take a look at the muscle group of the Quadriceps area. The
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, and Vastus medialis make up the
Quadriceps. The origin for these muscles is the front lower part of the pelvis and the upper
part of the femur. There insertions are located at the top front part of the tibia. Actions
produced by these muscles are flexion of the femur and extension of the knee. Exercises
involved with these muscles are quads-knee extensions, leg press, and squats. Moving
down a little further we come to the Hamstring muscle group: Semimembranosus,
Semitendinosus, and Biceps femoris. The origin of this muscle group is the lower back part


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- Spring '18
- NA
- Biceps brachii muscle, Muscles of the upper limb, Glenohumeral joint, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Chin-up