And the dying process are connected to an increase in

and the dying process are connected to an increase in psychological distress is
also related to the PICO(T) question.
Frey, R., Robinson, J., Wong, C., & Gott, M. (2018). Burnout, compassion fatigue, and
psychological capital: Findings from a survey of nurses delivering palliative care.
Applied Nursing Research, 43, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.06.003
This article is a research study performed to investigate compassion fatigue and
burnout among nurses. Additionally, it is exploring stress among the nurses who
are caring for patients with a life-limiting illness such as oncology or palliative
patients. They also looked at “potential protective factors,” among this group of
nurses. The study addresses how matters related to death and dying lead to
compounded stress factors for all healthcare workers, while discussing the
medical and psychological problems that can result from high-stress levels for
nurses such as, anxiety, depression, decreased job satisfaction, substance abuse,
and many other concerns. The d ata analysis for this article consisted of
“descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance , Pearson correlations, and
hierarchical multiple regression.” The article also clearly defines burnout and
compassion fatigue for the reader. The PICO(T) question and article are
connected because of the clear information regarding the negative health effects
for nurses caring for patients who are dying. It also references tools to help this

4-3 MILESTONE THREE - ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6
population of nurses minimizes the effects of stress, decreasing burnout, or
compassion fatigue. Increased education for hospice nurses or others who
routinely provide care for patients experiencing death or are dying, is key to
decreasing susceptibility to compassion fatigue. Education can assist the nurses in
“understanding both the positive and negative factors influencing burnout in
nurses perhaps levels of awareness will be raised, and nurses may maintain both
the quality of patient care and positive wellbeing.” The study included an online
survey which occurred with 256 registered nurses between January 2016 and
February 2017, and all were form larger tertiary facilities. The nurses were
enlisted through various nursing organizations and a large hospital, and it explores
predictors for burnout, compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, job
stressors, and various other factors.
Harris, C., & Quinn Griffin, M. T. (2015). Nursing on Empty. Journal of Christian Nursing,32(2),
80-87. doi:10.1097/cnj.0000000000000175
This peer-reviewed journal article reviews in depth, the importance of recognizing
burnout and compassion fatigue (CF) among nurses, and understanding the two
descriptive terms. The author’s analysis was performed through an integrated
literature review. In the information, the emphasis is placed on recognizing signs,
symptoms, and consequences of compassion fatigue and burnout. The article
discusses various interventions from putting CF on every staff meeting agenda,
educating on acknowledging and recognizing compassion fatigue in yourself as
well as peers, taking a timeout, debriefing about difficult patients, and
encouraging meeting outside of work to support one another.