The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order | Glossary

absolutism: political theory that argues that one person should hold all power

authoritarianism: a form of government characterized by a strong central power and limited political freedoms

cleft country: a country that contains large groups of people identifying with separate civilizations

collectivism: the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the group and its interests

communism: a political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

Confucianism: the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius

diaspora: a large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved out to places all over the world

fault line war: one that takes place between two or more identities from different civilizations

fundamentalism: a form of a religion, especially Islam or Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture

hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one country over another

indigenization: the act of making something more native

Kemalism: sweeping political, social, cultural, and religious reforms designed to separate the new Turkish state from its predecessor and to embrace a Westernized way of living

paradigm: a typical model of something

pluralism: the recognition and affirmation of diversity, which permits the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles