12th Amendment
establishes that electors are to cast their electoral votes specifically for one individual as president and another as vice president
20th Amendment
sets the date of the inauguration of a new president as January 20 of the year following the election rather than March 4
22nd Amendment
limits a president to two terms in office
25th Amendment
establishes the order of presidential succession
cabinet
group of close policy advisors to the president that includes the heads of the executive departments and other top officials, such as the national security advisor and head of national intelligence
Council of Economic Advisors
group that provides the president with objective advice on both domestic and international economic policy
electoral vote
votes cast by party electors from each state for president and vice president
executive agreement
agreement between the United States and a foreign government. It is less formal than a treaty and does not need to be ratified by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate.
executive order
directive issued by the president that carries much of the same force as law during the president's term
executive privilege
president's constitutionally implied right to keep executive branch communications private
faithless elector
presidential elector who does not vote for the candidate that elector is pledged to support
lame duck
officeholder in the final period of office after a successor has been elected
National Security Council (NSC)
body tasked with advising the president on national security matters and foreign policy
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
agency that plays a key role in helping implement the president's agenda by developing a budget and carrying out related policy tasks
override
action by Congress to pass a bill over a president's veto, which requires a two-thirds vote of both chambers
pardon
action by a president that forgives a person convicted of a crime, removing or ending any punishment and blocking further prosecution of that person for that crime
pocket veto
action in which a president refuses to sign a bill during the 10-day signing period while Congress is in adjournment. The fact that Congress is adjourned means that it cannot vote to uphold or override the veto
popular vote
vote for a U.S. presidential candidate made by the qualified voters
president of the Senate
person who presides over the Senate
signing statement
written comment by the president at the time of signing a bill into law that explains the president's interpretation of the law, which may differ from the legislature's intent
swing state
state in which no political party dominates, where elections are competitive and either major presidential party candidate has a chance to win
unit rule
arrangement by which the candidate who wins the popular vote wins all the state's electoral votes
veto
action by a president to reject legislation passed by Congress
War Powers Act
legislation that limits the president's power to send troops into hostile situations without Congressional approval
White House chief of staff
close aide to the president who oversees the Executive Office of the President