authoritarianism
type of government in which decisions are made by a centralized authority or leader who does not answer to the people
dictatorship
type of government characterized by one-person or one-party authoritarian rule
direct democracy
form of government in which laws and policy decisions are made directly by the people
divine right theory
idea that government originates with power vested in an individual by God or gods
evolutionary theory
idea that government originates from a family or clan-bound structure
force theory
idea that government originates from taking control of the state by force, often found in a dictatorship
general welfare
state of happiness and well-being within a society
ideology
philosophy concerning the design, functions, and goals of government
initiative
process by which citizens can directly propose new legislation or amend a constitution
liberal democracy
type of government in which state power is limited in order to protect the rights of the minority
libertarianism
political ideology that places individual liberty above all else and favors very limited government
populism
movement that opposes elites and big business by championing the common person
public good
that which benefits all people in a society
referendum
measure created by a legislative body that the people either approve or reject through popular vote
republic
political system in which citizens elect representatives to govern for them
rule of law
idea that all people and institutions within a state are subject to the same laws
social contract theory
idea that government originates as an agreement between the governed and those who govern
sovereignty
ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without interference from outside governments or powers
state
organized and independent body of people constituting a distinct political entity