Bone Function, Development, and Growth

bone growth when osteoblasts in the periosteum deposit new bone matrix layers onto already-formed layers of the outer surface of bone

one of several structures used to determine where muscles and ligaments attach, as well as where and how bones join together

hormone released from the thyroid that activates osteoblasts to remove calcium from the blood and deposit it into newly formed bone tissue

tiny passages that join the lacunae to the Haversian canal and to each other

hard bone tissue that provides rigid strength for the bones

dip or trench within the bone surface that allows for nerves and blood vessels to pass through

layer of connective tissue that covers the internal cavities and canals of bone

location where bone growth occurs, found between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

bone that is flat in shape and provides protection or serves as a large area for muscle attachment

opening through the center of each osteon that contains nerves and blood vessels that signal and nourish the osteon

large blood clot at the site of a break in bone. It results from the destruction of periosteum and blood vessels at the break site.

formation of red blood cells in the marrow of certain bones

primary inorganic component of bone that makes it hard. It is a mineral salt made mostly of calcium phosphate.

lengthening of bone resulting from the growth of cartilage and its replacement with bone tissue

does not have a recognizable shape and serves a variety of functions, including protection, support, and points of muscle attachment

space at the juncture of each lamella where osteocytes can be found

layer (often concentric) of bone connective tissue and a structural component of the osteon; forms a strong mesh along with collagen that adds significant strength to bone

bone that has two knobbed ends with a long shaft between them. Long bones are longer than they are wide and provide strength, structure, and mobility.

process of bone tissue formation

cell that forms new bone tissue by secreting a matrix made of collagen and calcium-binding proteins

cell that destroys existing bone, making room for the deposition of new bone cells

mature bone cell that is found in the spaces of the bone matrix that monitor and maintain the bone matrix. Osteocytes signal to osteoblasts to increase bone deposition.

basic functional unit of mature bone. It is a long tube that runs parallel to the axis of bone and serves as a support beam to hold the weight of the bone.

stem cell that can produce cells that develop into osteoblasts

protective layer that surrounds the outer surface of a bone

area of the bone that sticks up off the surface

process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the blood

bone that is among the smallest bones in the body; often functions to reduce friction at a joint or to prevent tearing of tendons

type of bone composed of a collection of trabeculae bound together

open lattice of rod-like connective tissue that forms spongy bone