Criminal Law

protects citizens and businesses against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government

provides the right to due process and protection from double jeopardy

constitutional amendment that guarantees criminal defendants the right to a public and speedy trial, help from counsel, an impartial jury, the ability to confront accusers, and knowledge of the nature of the charges

federal statute that regulates spam, which is commercial e-mail or unsolicited bulk e-mail that the receiver did not ask for

states that a corporation has some of the same legal rights and responsibilities as people

when the court imposes a specific punishment with the intention of discouraging future crime

statute making the stealing of trade secrets a federal crime punishable by imprisonment of business executives and fines up to $10 million for business organizations

fraudulent conversion of property that is in the perpetrator's possession

federal statute that allows private citizens to sue employers on behalf of the government for fraud against the government

advisory rules that judges typically follow when sentencing defendants convicted of federal crimes

most serious type of criminal offense; punishable by the harshest penalties, including incarceration, life in prison, and death

federal statute that prohibits the bribery of foreign officials

when a person deliberately deceives another person to obtain money or property and that other person is injured by the deception

protects the public from the defendant and is achieved by house arrest, incarceration, or the death penalty

least serious form of crime; typically punishable by a fine

court order that compels a party to rectify a legal issue or refrain from a specific act that threatened or invaded the legal right of another

illegal use of material, nonpublic information to trade on the stock exchange for one's own benefit

criminal offense that carries the possibility of up to one year of incarceration

when money from criminal activity is made to look as if it were gained legitimately

procedure that requires notice and an opportunity to be heard when the government denies life, liberty, or a property interest

agreement to dismiss a case instead of bringing it to trial, as long as the accused person or company meets certain conditions

federal statute forbidding persons associated with an organization from engaging in a pattern of racketeering activity, such as organized crime and mail fraud

action taken to transform a defendant into a valuable member of society

form of punishment used to correct an injury that the defendant inflicted on the victim; penalizes the defendant financially

balancing of the scales of justice; intended to punish the defendant in a way equal to the crime committed

rules for corporate accounting, government oversight, and financial regulations; allows investors to receive more accurate and complete financial information

process that prohibits the government from interfering with fundamental constitutional rights and requires that laws be fair

process, product, method of operation, or compilation of information that is unknown to the public and may give an organization a competitive advantage

nonviolent crime committed in a commercial context by a professional or manager for financial gain

federal statute that implements stronger penalties through the Federal Sentencing Guidelines to remove the disproportion between white-collar crime and street crime sentencing