actual damages
definite costs that result from infringement of intellectual property
civil litigation
process in court by an injured party to recover damages for harm or the violation of rights
common-law copyright
protection of an original work that arises as soon as the original work is published
copyright
exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, sell, or distribute the matter and form of something
Copyright Act of 1976
most recent law passed by Congress to protect a creator's right in original work from unauthorized use
fair use
legal concept that allows limited use of copyrighted material for specific purposes without the permission of the copyright owner
infringement
unauthorized use of copyrighted or patented intellectual property; can result in legal penalties
injunction
court order that compels a party to rectify a legal issue or refrain from a specific act that threatened or invaded the legal right of another
intellectual property (IP)
creations of the human mind; the expression of ideas, concepts, and inventions
Lanham Act
law passed by Congress that provides for the registration of trademarks and protects them from unauthorized use
license agreement
agreement between the owner of an intellectual property and another party that allows the other party to use the intellectual property
patent
intellectual property that protects an invention, process, or machine
Patent Act of 1790
law passed by Congress to protect inventors from unauthorized use of their inventions
public goods
things that are not diminished in quality or quantity by use and are provided without profit to all members of society
remedy
judicial relief in civil litigation for unauthorized use of a copyrighted, trademarked, or patented piece of intellectual property
trademark
symbol, motto, device, or image used to distinguish similar products from one another; for example, the Nike "swoosh"
transformative use
use of copyrighted material that is different from the use that was originally intended for the material
U.S. Copyright Office
agency of the federal government that registers original material and issues copyrights for that material
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
agency of the federal government that registers inventions, issues patents, and registers trademarks