absolute privilege
complete defense that, if applicable, ensures the individual is immune from liability for defamation
civil conspiracy
tort in which two or more people agree to work together, with injury caused to another because of the act; distinct from criminal conspiracy
comparative negligence
method of allocating damages when both parties share in the fault or negligence
contributory negligence
rule that says that if a party bringing a lawsuit even slightly contributed to the negligence that created the harm, then that party will get no compensation
defamation
intentional publication to a third party of a false statement that harms the plaintiff's reputation
fraud
when a person deliberately deceives another person to obtain money or property and that other person is injured by the deception
injurious falsehood
false statements that disparage the plaintiff's business interests and cause the plaintiff economic loss
libel
written lie; a type of defamation
negligence
civil wrong in which the defendant owed a duty, breached that duty, and caused the plaintiff harm
privilege
something that protects someone from legal responsibility for a harmful act; can be absolute or qualified
qualified privilege
type of protection from legal responsibility for a harmful act
reasonable person standard
how a typically sensible individual would act in similar circumstances
slander
spoken lie; a type of defamation
tort
violation of rights of an identifiable individual or business that has been wronged intentionally or by negligence. Common torts include defamation, nuisance, conversion, and negligence.
unfair competition
conduct by a business that is using a market advantage to cause injury or damages to either its consumers or competitors
wrongful interference with a business relationship
knowingly and unjustly intervening in a known contractual arrangement without being invited to, causing one party to breach or terminate its agreement and incur damages