Carbon

Vocabulary

amino acid

organic molecule that contains a carboxyl group (COOH{-}{\rm{COOH}}), an amino group (NH2{-}{\rm{NH}}_2), and a functional (R) chain, which is a group of atoms unique in its structure and function

carbohydrate

organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provides energy to cells

condensation reaction

chemical reaction that combines two molecules together with the elimination of a water molecule

denaturation

process where the molecular structure of a protein is modified in such a way that hydrogen bonds are broken, causing proteins to lose their higher-ordered, three-dimensional structure

fatty acid

long hydrocarbon chain with a tail made of several hydrocarbons and a single carboxylic group

functional group

group of atoms with specific physical, chemical, and reactivity properties

hydrocarbon

organic compound that contains only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

hydrolysis

chemical reaction of breaking down a molecule into another form through the addition of water

lipid

long-chain hydrocarbon that is soluble in nonpolar solvents, that is, solvents without charge

macromolecule

complex molecule that contains a large number of atoms

monomer

single molecule that when combined with other monomers forms a larger molecule called a polymer

nucleotide

organic compound consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. This compound forms the basis of a genetic sequence.

organic compound

compound consisting of molecules that contain one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds

polymer

large molecule made of repeating smaller units of similar structures that are bonded together