amino acid
organic molecule that contains a carboxyl group (), an amino group (), and a functional (R) chain, which is a group of atoms unique in its structure and function
carbohydrate
organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provides energy to cells
condensation reaction
chemical reaction that combines two molecules together with the elimination of a water molecule
denaturation
process where the molecular structure of a protein is modified in such a way that hydrogen bonds are broken, causing proteins to lose their higher-ordered, three-dimensional structure
fatty acid
long hydrocarbon chain with a tail made of several hydrocarbons and a single carboxylic group
functional group
group of atoms with specific physical, chemical, and reactivity properties
hydrocarbon
organic compound that contains only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
hydrolysis
chemical reaction of breaking down a molecule into another form through the addition of water
lipid
long-chain hydrocarbon that is soluble in nonpolar solvents, that is, solvents without charge
macromolecule
complex molecule that contains a large number of atoms
monomer
single molecule that when combined with other monomers forms a larger molecule called a polymer
nucleotide
organic compound consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. This compound forms the basis of a genetic sequence.
organic compound
compound consisting of molecules that contain one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds
polymer
large molecule made of repeating smaller units of similar structures that are bonded together