DNA and Chromosomes

condition of DNA in which one strand reads in one direction (3′ to 5′), while the other reads in the opposite direction (5′ to 3′)

each set of nucleotides bonded to its complement

point on the chromosome that attaches spindle fibers during cell division

one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome

packaged DNA that results when the DNA double helical structure is wrapped around histone proteins

group of proteins bound together that adjusts the binding of histones to make any region of the DNA more or less accessible

tightly condensed molecule of DNA and proteins

strand of DNA that has nitrogenous bases complementary to another strand

enzyme in DNA replication that assembles the new strands of DNA from the template strands

process by which the cell makes a new copy of its DNA

pair of DNA or polynucleotide strands that wind around a central axis

study of heritable changes in the expression of genes that are caused by the environment

less tightly packed form of chromatin

unit of heritable material that codes for a particular trait

process by which genes become observable traits

sets of three nucleotide bases that encode hereditary information

entire genetic sequence of an organism

tightly packed form of chromatin

proteins in a chromosome around which DNA winds

number and appearance of the chromosomes of an organism

strand of DNA that is synthesized in short segments during DNA replication

strand of DNA that is formed continuously during DNA replication

permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

consists of a set of 8 histone proteins around which a short region of DNA double-stranded helix is wound, and the short region of DNA that links it to the next nucleosome

short segment of DNA being made on the lagging strand

small, circular piece of bacterial DNA that replicates on its own and can be transferred between cells

location on a replicating DNA molecule where the new strands will be produced

sequence of nucleotide bases that signals for the initiation of replication

repeating nucleotide sequence at each end of a chromosome

DNA strand that already exists in DNA replication