Lipid Bilayer

movement of material across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient, requiring the cell to expend energy

characterizes molecules with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

movement of material into or out of the cell through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane

difference in concentration between two locations

random movement of molecules along a concentration gradient from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

form of bulk transport that moves material into a cell by an infolding of the cell membrane around the material, forming a vesicle (small sac) that moves into the cell

form of bulk transport used to move material outside the cell by fusion of a vesicle (small sac) with the plasma membrane and release of the contents outside the cell

model that explains the function of a flexible bilayer of phospholipids and embedded proteins

extracellular layer of polysaccharides and glycoprotein that coats the cell membrane. This can be a capsule or slime layer.

carbohydrate bonded to a lipid; found on the cell surface and aids in cellular recognition

carbohydrate bonded to a protein; found within the plasma membrane and involved in cellular interactions

having a strong affinity toward water

having a weak or no affinity to water

solution in which the concentration of dissolved solutes is greater than that of another solution or greater than the concentration inside the cell

solution in which the concentration of dissolved solutes is less than that of another solution or less than the concentration inside the cell

solution in which the concentration of dissolved solutes is equal to that of another solution or equal to the concentration inside the cell

double layer of phospholipids that separates the cell interior from the external environment and regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell

specialized region of the cell membrane created by the positioning of the different types of proteins

difference in electrical potential inside and outside a cell membrane

sphere of phospholipids that forms in response to the amphipathic nature of fatty acids

movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solute to higher concentration of solute

movement of material across the plasma membrane not requiring the cell to expend energy

process through which a cell takes in and digests a particle, such as another cell or bacterium

lipid that usually consists of two fatty acid tails covalently linked to a common phosphate group

method by which cells ingest liquid through small vesicles budding from the cell membrane