Meiosis

version of a gene

condition in which the organism has an abnormal number of copies of a chromosome

form of reproduction that does not involve fusion of gametes, producing offspring genetically identical to the parent

structure consisting of two sets of sister chromatids (from replicated homologous chromosomes) connected by the synaptonemal, ladderlike complex prior to the first meiotic division

location on homologous chromosomes in a bivalent where crossing-over occurs

exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

having a double set of chromosomes in homologous pairs. The diploid condition is designated by 2n.

union of sperm and egg

sex cell of a sexually reproducing organism, with a haploid set of chromosomes

production of gametes through the process of meiosis

gamete or any of the precursor cells that divide to produce gametes

having a single set of chromosomes, which is half the total of the parent. The haploid condition is designated by 1n or n.

member of a pair of homologous chromosomes

identical pairs of chromosomes that are formed during synapsis of meiosis I in diploid organisms

random distribution of homologous chromosome pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes during meiosis

failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate during anaphase I or II of meiosis, resulting in an uneven distribution of genetic material

separation of the genes of one parent from that of the other during gamete formation

form of reproduction that involves fusion of gametes, producing offspring that differ genetically from either parent

identical half of a replicated chromosome that is still attached at the centromere

any cell in the body of a multicellular organism that is not a germ-line cell