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Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Vocabulary

acid

substance that releases hydrogen (H+) ions when dissolved in water

ball-and-stick model

representation of a molecule that uses spheres to represent atoms and bars to represent bonds

binary acid

acid made of hydrogen and one other element

binary compound

compound made of two elements

empirical formula

formula indicating the ratios of elements found in a compound in the lowest whole number possible

inorganic compound

compound that does not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond

isomer

one of two or more molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and bonds

molecular formula

formula indicating the number of atoms of each type of element in a molecule

molecular mass

sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in molecule

nomenclature

process of naming chemical substances based on a set system of rules as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

organic compound

compound that contains one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds

oxidation state

hypothetical charge assigned to an atom, ion, or polyatomic ion, indicating how many electrons have been lost (or gained)

oxyacid

acid that contains oxygen

oxyanion

polyatomic anion that contains oxygen along with another element

perspective drawing

variation of a structural formula that indicates a three-dimensional view

space-filling model

representation of a molecule that uses spheres to indicate overlapping atoms

spatial isomer

one of two or more molecules that have the same molecular formula and bond structure but different arrangements of atoms

structural formula

formula that shows how atoms are arranged in a molecule and the types of bonds between the atoms

structural isomer

one of two or more molecules that have the same molecular formula but different bond structures