Equilibrium Concepts

state in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal

for a chemical system at equilibrium at a certain temperature, the product concentrations multiplied together divided by the reactant concentrations multiplied together, with each term raised to the power of its coefficient in the balanced equation

process that breaks down the nitrogen-nitrogen bonds in N₂ and converts nitrogen into ammonia (NH₃)

chemical law that states when a reaction reaches equilibrium, the product concentrations multiplied together divided by the reactant concentrations multiplied together, with each term raised to the power of its coefficient in the balanced equation, is a constant

principle that states that a change in the temperature, pressure, or concentration of a component will cause the equilibrium condition of a chemical system to change in a way that reduces the change

ratio that can be used to predict how a system not in equilibrium will change to reach equilibrium

reaction in which the products of the reaction can also react to produce the reactants at a nonnegligible rate