addition reaction
reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form products
balanced equation
equation that describes a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms of each element involved in the reaction and the total charge are balanced
chemical equation
representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols
chemical reaction
process in which atoms from one or more substances rearrange, resulting in a different substance or substances
coefficient
multiplier that can be placed in front of the chemical symbol of a substance in a chemical reaction
combustion
burning a substance, often called fuel, with an oxidizer, which is often oxygen
decomposition reaction
reaction in which a single compound breaks apart into two or more substances
double-displacement reaction
type of reaction in which two reactants exchange atoms or groups
endothermic reaction
reaction in which energy is absorbed in the form of heat or light
exothermic reaction
reaction in which energy is released in the form of heat or light
insoluble
incapable of being dissolved in another substance
ionic equation
equation in which an ionic compound is shown as ions
net ionic equation
ionic equation without spectator ions
oxidation
reaction that involves the removal of an electron from an atom
oxidation state
hypothetical charge assigned to an atom, ion, or polyatomic ion, indicating how many electrons have been lost (or gained)
oxidation-reduction reaction
type of reaction where the oxidation states of two or more atoms change
oxidizing agent
substance that causes oxidation of another substance
precipitate
insoluble product that settles as a residue at the bottom of the reaction container
precipitation reaction
reaction that forms an insoluble salt, which forms as a solid in the reaction container
product
substance formed during a chemical reaction
reactant
substance that reacts in a chemical reaction
reducing agent
substance that causes reduction of another substance
reduction
reaction that involves the addition of an electron to an atom
single-displacement reaction
type of reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms from a reactant is replaced with another atom or group of atoms in the products
solubility
maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in another substance at specific conditions
solute
dissolved material in a solution
solvent
substance that dissolves a material to form a solution
spectator ion
ion that does not participate in a reaction and is present in both the reactant side and the product side
valence electron
electron in the outermost shell of an atom