Animal Body Organization and Systems

one of two endocrine glands located on the top of each kidney consisting of the cortex and the medulla that release hormones that help regulate critical functions in the body, such as blood pressure, the immune system, and the metabolism

small air sac in the lungs where gas exchange occurs in mammals

vessel that transports blood away from the heart to the lungs or to the body tissues

in the vertebrate heart, a chamber that receives blood from the veins

tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that is the site of nutrient and gas exchange

a body system in which blood flows through the body, with the help of the heart, to transport nutrients, waste, and gases

a small, hair-like projection from cells that functions to filter air in the respiratory system

a body system that aids in the metabolic processing of food for nutrients and energy

a body system that consists of different glands used to produce hormones that regulate body functions

a body system whose function is to dispose of metabolic wastes and control body fluid composition in response to external or internal stimuli

the body's processes to physiologically regulate its internal environment with response to fluctuations that occur in the internal or external environment

chemical compound that signals growth and development which is secreted from endocrine glands

a structure in the brain that links the nervous and endocrine systems, responding to signals from other parts of the brain and hormone feedback mechanisms

a body system consisting of a complex network of organs that contain cells used to recognize pathogens in the body

a body system that aids in movement and posture and provides support to the body

an insulating membrane wrapped around the axons of most nerve cells of vertebrates

a body system that consists of a neural network that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that connects all the organs in the body and regulates body functions

a structure, formed from more than one tissue, with a specific function

a group of organs with a common function

an endocrine gland located near the stomach and small intestine that secretes digestive enzymes that help with digestion and releases hormones to help maintain healthy glucose levels in the body

one of four small endocrine glands located near or within the thyroid gland that release hormones that help maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the body

a form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg cell becomes a new organism

disease-causing organism or virus that causes harm to a host organism

a small endocrine gland located in the brain that plays a role in the production of melatonin, a hormone that aids in the regulation of sleep patterns

an endocrine gland located near the bottom of the brain, often called the master gland because its hormones control several other endocrine glands

an endocrine gland located in the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones that help regulate metabolic processes, heat production, and the development and function of other organ systems

specialized cells that are grouped together to perform a common function

respiratory structure found in both invertebrates and vertebrates that connects the mouth to the lungs.

blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

in the vertebrate heart, a chamber that pumps blood away from the heart