aging
the gradual changes in development and behavior that occur during an organism's life
blastula
the stage of animal embryo development that consists of a hollow ball of cells surrounding a central cavity
cleavage
the splitting or dividing of cells during development
copulation
the act of animal reproduction that results in sperm being transferred to a receptive female
diploid
having a double set of chromosomes in homologous pairs; the diploid condition is designated by 2n
fertilization
the union of sperm and egg
gamete
the sex cell of a sexually reproducing organism, with a haploid set of chromosomes
gastrula
the structure formed from the blastula that has three distinct layers of cells and body axes
haploid
having a single set of chromosomes, which is half the total of the parent; the haploid condition is designate by 1n or n
meiosis
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, resulting in the production of gametes
neurulation
the stage of vertebrate development when the nervous system starts to form
oocyte
the female sex cell, which is haploid (1n)
oocytogenesis
the process by which oocytes develop, which happens after a female is born
oogenesis
the process of egg cell formation during meiosis
ootid
a fertilized egg cell
ootidogenesis
the process of meiosis that produces the secondary oocyte from the primary oocyte
organogenesis
the development of organs and organ systems during animal development
oviparous
reproductive strategy in which eggs are released by the female and develop outside her body
ovoviviparous
reproductive strategy in which fertilized eggs develop and hatch within the mother's body but are not attached to her
polar body
non-viable cell produced at the end of meiosis in females; contains genetic material
primary oocyte
diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis to produce the secondary oocyte (egg cell)
primary spermatocyte
diploid (2n) cell that is the first cell formed in spermatogenesis
secondary spermatocyte
the haploid (1n) cell that is the second cell formed in spermatogenesis
spawning
the release of sperm and eggs into the environment
spermatogenesis
the formation of sperm through the process of meiosis
spermatogonium
the diploid (2n) cell that is the origin cell in spermatogenesis
spermatozoa
male sex cells, which are haploid (1n)