Genes to RNA to Proteins

a sequence of three nucleotides of a tRNA molecule that pair with the complement on an mRNA strand during protein synthesis

the concept that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA, and from RNA to proteins.

a series of three nucleotides on an mRNA strand that codes for a particular amino acid

step in transcription and translation, addition of nucleotides to the growing mRNA transcript or addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain

DNA sequence within a gene sequence that codes for a specific protein, these must be combined during mRNA processing

DNA sequence within a gene sequence that does not code for a specific protein, these must be removed from the mRNA during processing

RNA molecule made from a DNA template, contains the complementary gene sequence, that is, the sequence opposite to the DNA strand

in prokaryotes, a collection of genes that are transcribed together and contains at least two regions of control called a promoter and an operator

the sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate the process of transcription

an organic molecule that carries genetic messages out of the nucleus; consists of a single strand of nucleic acids

RNA component of ribosomes that catalyzes peptide bond formation

a structure composed of RNA and protein that constructs proteins based on the instructions provided by DNA; may be free floating in cytoplasm or attached to form rough endoplasmic reticulum

the protein found in prokaryotes that binds to RNA polymerase in order to start the transcription process

amino acid sequence that determines the destination of a protein

large molecule made of RNA and proteins, removes introns and joins the adjacent exon ends to form the mature strand of mRNA

the part of a eukaryotic promoter that binds a transcription factor (molecule that helps make RNA) and helps to initiate the process of transcription

the end of transcription or translation of protein synthesis

the formation of mRNA from the template DNA strand to be used to build proteins

specialized proteins in eukaryotes that aid in transcription

the molecule that carries each amino acid to the strand of mRNA during translation of protein synthesis

the assembly of amino acids into proteins in the ribosomes through the reading of mRNA by tRNA and the ribosome