Vocabulary

abiotic factor

a non-living thing, such as water, temperature, and minerals, that affects an ecosystem

age–sex structure

the distribution of individuals in a species, categorized by both age and sex

biotic factor

a living thing that influences an ecosystem, such as prey, predators, and pathogens

carrying capacity

the maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support

demographic

the life statistics of a population, such as births and deaths

density-dependent

limitations to population growth that vary with population density, such as food availability and disease

density-independent

limitations to population growth that are not dependent on population density, such as weather and environmental catastrophes

dispersion

the way in which individuals are arranged within the boundaries of a population

exponential growth

the rate of population growth in situations in which food and other resources are unlimited

fecundity

the speed at which an individual of a species can produce offspring

introduced species

an organism from one ecosystem that is brought to live in a different ecosystem

invasive species

an organism that does not occur naturally in an ecosystem but thrives and often damages its new ecosystem

life history trait

the timing and characteristics of a significant event in the life cycle of a species

limiting factor

an environmental factor that restricts the growth of populations

logistic equation

a mathematical means of showing how the rate of increase in a population decreases as the population size increases

logistic growth model

a model that indicates how a population grows more slowly when a population reaches the carrying capacity of its environment

mortality

the rate of death in a population

native species

a species that is normally is found in a particular ecosystem

population

an interbreeding group of individuals of the same species

population density

the number of individuals of a population per unit of area

population ecology

the study of populations and how they interact with the environment

survivorship curve

a graphical representation of the numbers or proportions of individuals surviving at each age