Bitcoin
best-known and most-traded cryptocurrency
blockchain
final digital ledger for a cryptocurrency transaction after the transaction has been verified and blocked
cryptocurrency
form of electronic currency, such as Bitcoin, that is not issued by a central bank
currency appreciation
increase in value of one country's currency relative to another country's currency
currency exchange market
marketplace in which users can exchange, buy, and sell currency and can use derivatives to speculate on currency
currency exchange rate
relative ratio of the value of a foreign currency to that of a domestic currency
currency exchange rate risk
chance that the exchange rate between two currencies will change before a transaction is finalized
economic risk
danger that shifts in the economy will unfavorably affect the currency exchange ratio at the time of the transaction, resulting in real economic loss
equilibrium
point at which the supply of a currency meets the demand for that currency
euro
currency used by the eurozone members of the European Union, a combination of European countries agreeing to one economic standard
eurozone member
one of the current member countries of the European Union that have agreed to use the euro as their currency
fiat money
note that a government establishes, and backs the value of, as a valid form of payment by law
foreign exchange market (Forex)
currency marketplace that is expressly used for trading currencies
gold standard
establishment of gold as the underlying asset for all currency minted in a country
inflation
continual increase in the average price levels of goods and services
international Fisher effect (IFE)
theory in economics stating that the expected disparity between two countries' exchange rates is the same as the difference in their interest rates
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
organization consisting of approximately 190 countries that makes loans to developing countries or organizations within those countries in order to combat poverty
international monetary system
set of rules agreed upon by countries internationally in order to set monetary standards for trade between countries
political risk
danger that shifts in government and political policies will unfavorably affect the currency exchange ratio at the time of the transaction
purchasing power parity (PPP)
economic theory that compares the relative ability of two different countries to purchase the same goods using their respective domestic currencies
spot exchange rate
price to trade one currency for another at any given point in time
World Bank
international organization, developed from the Bretton Woods agreement, devoted to providing financing and advice to developing nations