beta
amount of systematic risk an asset or portfolio has with respect to the market
call option
agreement that allows the buyer to purchase an underlying asset at the strike price before contract expiration
cover
buyback action of the put option
derivative
contract allowing for the transfer of an underlying asset without actually transferring the asset
distressed debt hedge strategy
purchase of a troubled company's devalued debt with the expectation that the company will recover
diversification
practice of investing a portfolio's funds in multiple assets to reduce the total risk
equity hedge
strategy used by managers to control the investment's exposure to the equity market
global macro hedge
investment tactic that is based on making predictions on the growth or decay of a particular nation's economy
hedge fund
limited partnership formed by a small group of investors who combine capital to invest in assets in order to maximize gains while mitigating risk
hedging
investment strategy that attempts to lower the risk of unexpected events
long hedge
investment strategy that secures the price of an asset in anticipation that the asset's price will increase in the future
market neutral strategy
strategy that secures an equal portion of assets in long and short positions, making the market exposure equal to zero
merger arbitrage strategy
tactic that capitalizes on acquisitions, liquidations, and mergers
natural hedge
phenomenon of two assets with opposite risk profiles that cancel out each other's risk
option
derivative with a contract that allows, but does not obligate, the purchase or sale of an asset
perfect hedge
investment strategy that results in equal gains and losses
premium
when stock has been sold for a price that is more than its par value
put option
option contract giving the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified amount of an underlying security at a specified price and within a specified time frame
short hedge
investment strategy that secures the price in anticipation of the price or value of an asset diminishing
speculating
financial action that carries a risk of total loss of value but has the prospect of large gains that offset the risk of loss
strike price
value at which a call or put option may be implemented until the expiration date
swap
agreement to trade financial instruments; often included as terms of a loan
systematic risk
volatility that affects assets on a macroeconomic scale
total portfolio risk
sum of systematic and unsystematic risks
underlying asset
object by which the derivative's value is determined
unsystematic risk
uncertainty associated with an individual company or sector