Motivation and Emotion

nonverbal communication expressed consciously or unconsciously through gestures, postures, and movements

standard way of expressing emotions within a group or culture; guideline for types and frequencies of emotions considered acceptable to display in public

physiological arousal and bodily reaction that accompanies a feeling

drive to engage in a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid an unwanted consequence

motion or position of the facial muscles that can convey an emotion

idea that facial expressions can influence emotions and change moods

attitudes, interests, behaviors, and activities a culture associates with being biologically male or female

sense of oneself as male, female, or being elsewhere on the gender spectrum

cultural expectations about how men and women should think, feel, and act

tendency of people to return quickly to baseline levels of happiness after positive or negative events

balanced or optimal level maintained within a biological system

drive to engage in behavior because one finds the behavior itself rewarding

hormone released by fat cells that signals fullness

rate at which an individual expends energy

reason or driving force behind one's actions and behaviors

revealing an emotional state through body language or facial expressions despite a desire to conceal the emotion

unrealistic favorable attitudes people have toward themselves or the people around them

scientific study of the biological, social, and cultural factors that boost happiness and make life most enjoyable, worthwhile, and fulfilling

time in the sexual response cycle during which an individual cannot physically experience another orgasm; occurs after orgasm and during resolution

individual's belief in his or her ability to complete tasks successfully

a value where the physiological state of the body is stable

chromosomes, hormones, and sexual anatomy that differ between males, females, and people who are intersex

drive to seek out sexual objects or partners to engage in sexual activities

individual's emotional and erotic attractions toward another individual, commonly categorized as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or asexual

model of physical responses to sexual stimulation, progressing through stages called excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

being a person with a gender identity that does not match their assigned birth sex

a set of emotions recognized worldwide, including happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, disgust, contempt, and anger