absolute poverty
measure of a person's inability to obtain the necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and shelter
core nation
wealthy industrialized nation that controls and benefits from the global economy
dependency theory
theory that explains global inequality as caused by colonialism and neocolonialism
economic liberalism
philosophy that favors free markets and limited government regulation
global stratification
hierarchical arrangement of nations based on economic status
market-oriented theory
theory that emphasizes the role of the free market and the private sector
modernization theory
theory that high-income nations became wealthy by adopting the proper values, technologies, and beliefs
neocolonialism
dominance of former colonial powers over low-income or periphery nations
periphery nation
low-income nation that depends on and is exploited by wealthier nations
relative poverty
measure of inequality based on the standard of living for the majority of people in a society
semiperiphery nation
nation that exhibits characteristics of both core and periphery nations
social stratification
hierarchical arrangement of societal groups based on wealth or social status
state-centered theory
theory that views governments (states) as a necessary structure to promote change and reduce inequality
world-systems theory
theory that a world economic system exists in which wealthy nations exploit poor ones to help generate their wealth