business cycle
an interval of expansion and contraction in the economy
capital stock
goods or assets used to produce other goods
economic growth
the rate of increase in real GDP from one year to the next
human capital
the amount of education, training, healthcare and other non-physical assets that workers have
labor productivity
the measure of amount of real GDP by produced by a unit of labor
natural resource
a naturally existing form of physical capital that provides inputs to production, such as land, minerals, water, agricultural products, and forests
nominal GDP
the total gross domestic product expressed in current year prices
output
goods or services produced within a given time frame by a business or country
patent
the exclusive right of an inventor to use (or allow others to use) their invention, which creates a temporary monopoly, typically 20 years from the time of submission for the patent
physical capital
inputs into the production process, including machinery, tools, and buildings
property right
the ability of an individual to own and have command over resources such as capital and property in general
real GDP
the total output of the economy adjusted for inflation
real GDP per capita
measure of the output per person; or real GDP divided by the population
rule of 70
the rule that states a sum of money growing at X% per year will double in approximately 70/X years
technology
the tools, procedures, education, and knowledge used to transform resources into a final product