appreciation of currency
an increase in a currency's value determined by the amount of foreign currency it buys
balance of payments
an account of all exchanges of goods and services, including payments and receipts, from one country to all other countries with which it is involved with trade
balanced trade
situation in which the money made on imports equals the money spent on exports
Bretton Woods Agreement
agreement put in place after WWII to peg, or tie, international exchange rates to the US Dollar
capital account
the net value of a country's purchases of foreign financial and capital assets and foreign purchases of that country's financial and capital assets
current account
net value of exports and imports in a given country
current transfer
transfer of wealth from one nation to another, usually in the form of aid
depreciation of currency
decrease in a currency's value
foreign direct investment (FDI)
investment from one country in long-term projects in other countries
foreign exchange rate
rate of exchange when one currency is exchanged for another
forward trade
agreement to exchange currencies in the future at a set rate
gold reserves
stores of gold held by a country to back currency in a gold standard
gold standard
system in which money is backed by gold held in reserve
interbank market
foreign exchange market among major banks
net exporter
nation that exports more than it imports
net importer
nation that imports more than it exports
over the counter (OTC)
foreign exchange market involving companies and individuals
spot trade
an immediate exchange in currency conducted at the exchange rate at the time of the trade
swap trade
a trade in which currency is bought as a spot trade, then sold as a forward trade
trade deficit
situation in which more money is spent on imports than is made on exports
trade surplus
situation in which more money is made through exports than is spent on imports