barter
trading goods or services for other goods and services
commodity money
a form of money that has an intrinsic value or has value in itself (i.e., gold, silver, cattle)
currency
a system of money in use within an economy
demand for money
holding of cash deposits and liquid assets; the desire to hold wealth in the form of money
double coincidence of wants
a situation in which two parties making a trade each has what the other wants
equilibrium interest rate
the rate of interest at which the quantity of money demanded equals the quantity of money supplied
fiat money
a form of money that is not backed by any physical commodity but is mandated by the government to be acceptable as payment for goods and services
liquidity
the degree to which an asset can be readily converted to spendable cash without a significant loss in value
liquidity trap
at very low interest rates, the result that monetary policy becomes ineffective because increases in the money supply have no effect on interest rates
M1
the money supply measure consisting of currency, checkable deposits, and travelers' checks
M2
the money supply measure consisting of all of the assets in M1 plus savings deposits, money market mutual funds, and certificates of deposit less than $100,000
medium of exchange
the function of money that helps individuals trade goods and services more easily
monetary policy
intervention in the economy through central bank actions, such as adjustments to interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations, that affect the money supply and interest rates
money
anything that is generally accepted as payment
precautionary demand for money
the desire to hold money in order to pay for emergency expenses
speculative demand for money
the desire to hold money to be able to purchase financial assets at the appropriate time or to hedge certain current financial risks
standard of deferred payment
the function of money through which it serves as a method for paying off both public and private debts
store of value
the function of money by which it serves as a way to hold wealth
supply of money
the quantity of money available in the economy, set by the U.S. Federal Reserve
transaction demand for money
the desire to hold money to purchase goods and services
unit of account
the function of money through which it serves to measure the value of goods and services