avoidable cost
expense that a manager eliminates by choosing one alternative over another in a decision-making process
bottleneck
slowdown or stoppage in one stage of a process that lessens the output of the entire system
constraint
limitation that a company must operate under, such as time or lack of access to raw materials, that makes it more difficult to meet demand
differential analysis
process of examining the costs and benefits of different decisions that a company could make. The process helps companies make informed decisions.
differential approach
method of decision-making using differential analysis that considers only the relevant costs and benefits of the alternative choices
differential cost
difference in total costs between two different or alternate courses of action
differential revenue
difference between the revenues of two alternative decisions
incremental cost
increase in total cost that results from an increase in production
make or buy decision
choice a company makes about whether to purchase an item from a third-party supplier or produce it internally
opportunity cost
loss of possible gains when one alternative is chosen over another alternative
relevant benefit
advantage that a company should consider to be important when making a decision using differential analysis
relevant cost
expense that a company should consider to be important when making a decision using differential analysis
special order
one-time request that is made and fulfilled but is not part of an organization's normal, ongoing business
sunk cost
expense that has already been incurred and cannot be undone by any future choice among alternatives
total cost approach
method of decision-making using differential analysis that considers all the costs and benefits of the alternative choices, whether those costs and benefits are relevant or irrelevant
volume trade-off decision
choice by a company to sacrifice one area of production at the expense of another area in order to maximize profits