Differential Analysis

Vocabulary

avoidable cost

expense that a manager eliminates by choosing one alternative over another in a decision-making process

bottleneck

slowdown or stoppage in one stage of a process that lessens the output of the entire system

constraint

limitation that a company must operate under, such as time or lack of access to raw materials, that makes it more difficult to meet demand

differential analysis

process of examining the costs and benefits of different decisions that a company could make. The process helps companies make informed decisions.

differential approach

method of decision-making using differential analysis that considers only the relevant costs and benefits of the alternative choices

differential cost

difference in total costs between two different or alternate courses of action

differential revenue

difference between the revenues of two alternative decisions

incremental cost

increase in total cost that results from an increase in production

make or buy decision

choice a company makes about whether to purchase an item from a third-party supplier or produce it internally

opportunity cost

loss of possible gains when one alternative is chosen over another alternative

relevant benefit

advantage that a company should consider to be important when making a decision using differential analysis

relevant cost

expense that a company should consider to be important when making a decision using differential analysis

special order

one-time request that is made and fulfilled but is not part of an organization's normal, ongoing business

sunk cost

expense that has already been incurred and cannot be undone by any future choice among alternatives

total cost approach

method of decision-making using differential analysis that considers all the costs and benefits of the alternative choices, whether those costs and benefits are relevant or irrelevant

volume trade-off decision

choice by a company to sacrifice one area of production at the expense of another area in order to maximize profits