balance sheet
one of the four major financial statements, representing a snapshot in time of an organization's assets, liabilities, and owner's equity
cash budget
plan that helps manage cash flows by identifying budgeted cash receipts and disbursements for a period
cash disbursements
section of the cash budget that lists each type of cash outflow that is expected during the period
cash payments for materials budget
plan that calculates each period's cash payments for purchases of goods, based on production schedules and payment practices
cash receipts budget
plan that shows when and how much cash the organization expects to collect from the sale of products or services
cost of goods manufactured (COGM)
amount spent to produce a product from start through completion and entry into finished goods inventory
cost of goods sold (COGS)
total money spent to purchase or produce the products that were sold during an accounting period
depreciation
gradual loss of an asset's value due to normal wear and tear over time
direct labor
hours spent producing a product or providing a service that can easily be traced to the product or service
direct materials
raw goods that can be traced directly to or easily identified with a specific product
finished goods inventory
number and types of manufactured items that are ready for customers to buy; contains the direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs required to produce those units
manufacturing overhead
indirect, factory-related production costs that come from making an item
master budget
collection of operating plans that organizations use to develop pro forma (budgeted) financial statements
overhead
operating costs or expenses, such as rent, electricity, and taxes
pro forma financial statements
documents that report the organization's activity if all the parts of a budget are achieved as planned
production budget
plan that calculates the level of output required to meet expected sales and maintain desired ending levels of finished goods inventory
sales budget
plan that forecasts the number of units expected to be sold multiplied by the prices expected to be charged, resulting in the anticipated revenue from sales
selling and administrative expense budget
plan that estimates when and how much a company's sales and management expenses will be
short-term financing
brief loans that organizations make to cover periods of cash deficits