Fundamental Building Blocks

molecule that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

negatively charged ion

organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provides energy to cells

positively charged ion

attractive force that joins atoms or ions

substance made of atoms of two or more elements bonded together in a certain ratio

amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solvent

chemical bond that forms when valence electrons are shared between atoms

ionic solution that can be decomposed by electricity

negatively charged subatomic particle

solvated by water molecules

weak intermolecular force that results from an attraction between a positively charged hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negatively charged atom in a nearby molecule

having a strong affinity toward water

having a weak or no affinity to water

compound consisting of molecules that do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond

charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

chemical bond that forms when valence electrons are transferred between atoms

one of two or more atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

long-chain hydrocarbon that is soluble in nonpolar solvents, that is, solvents without charge

group of atoms held together by one or more covalent bonds

chemical reaction in which an acid and a base in solution interact, producing salt and water and changing the pH

subatomic particle that has a neutral charge in the nucleus of an atom

covalent bond that forms when two atoms share electrons equally

molecule made of nucleotides. It exists in cells in two forms: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

compound consisting of molecules that contain one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds

molecule composed of a phosphate group, fatty acids, and glycerol

covalent bond in which the electron density is more localized on one end of the bond. One end is slightly positive, and one end is slightly negative.

large molecule composed of amino acids

positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

weakest intermolecular force, which forms because of attraction between molecules