addition reaction
reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form products
anti addition
addition of two substituents to opposite sides of a double bond or a triple bond
anti-dihydroxylation
reaction where hydroxyl groups are added on opposite sides of the alkene
carbene
reactive molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with two bonds and an unshared pair of electrons
catalytic hydrogenation
use of a heavy-metal catalyst to add hydrogen to an alkene or alkyne
cis
geometric arrangement in which two substituents are on the same side of the central part of a molecule or ion
E/Z nomenclature
method for naming organic compounds based on where the highest-priority are bonded
halohydrin reaction
anti addition of a halide and hydroxyl group to an alkene
Hofmann's rule
rule that states steric effects have the most considerable influence on outcomes, specifically the loss of a beta hydrogen from the least substituted position
hydration
addition of a hydrogen and hydroxyl group to an alkene
Markovnikov's rule
rule that states that in an addition of an asymmetric reagent to an alkene, the more electronegative atom of the reagent will bond to the more substituted carbon of the alkene
oxidative cleavage
cleavage of a carbon-carbon double or triple bond to form two carbonyl compounds
syn addition
addition of two substituents to the same side of a double bond
syn-dihydroxylation
reaction where hydroxyl groups are added on the same side of the alkene
trans
geometric arrangement in which two substituents are on opposite sides of the central part of a molecule or ion
Zaitsev's rule
rule that states that the alkene formed is more highly substituted because it is more stable