addition reaction
reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form products
alkylation
reaction in which an alkyl group is attached to another molecule, usually in the place of an acidic hydrogen
alkyne
hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond () with CnH2n-2 stoichiometry
alkynide
deprotonated alkyne with the formula
anti addition
addition of two substituents to opposite sides of a double bond or a triple bond
carbon-carbon bond formation reaction
reaction in which a new covalent carbon-carbon bond is formed
catalytic hydrogenation
use of a heavy-metal catalyst to add hydrogen to an alkene or alkyne
cis
geometric arrangement in which two identical substituents are on the same side of the central part of a molecule or ion
dehydrohalogenation reaction
elimination reaction in which a hydrogen and halogen are removed by a base, forming a bond
deprotonation
reaction that results in a loss of a hydrogen (proton) from an organic molecule
gem-dihalide
organic compound with two halides bonded to the same carbon
hydration
addition of a water molecule as and to two adjacent carbon atoms
Markovnikov's rule
rule that states that in an addition of an asymmetric reagent to an alkene, the more-electronegative atom of the reagent bonds to the more-substituted carbon of the alkene
saturated hydrocarbon
organic compound that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds and bonds
stoichiometry
relationship between the reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation
syn addition
addition of two substituents to the same side of a double bond or a triple bond
synthesis
process of using organic reactions to build a desired molecule with specific skeletal structure, functional groups, and stereochemistry
terminal alkyne
alkyne with the carbon-carbon triple bond at the end of the chain
trans
geometric arrangement in which two identical substituents are on opposite sides of the central part of a molecule or ion
unsaturated hydrocarbon
organic compound that contains bonds in addition to one or more carbon-carbon or bonds
vic-dihalide
organic compound with two halides bonded to adjacent carbons