consigned inventory
inventory that has been shipped to another seller who acts as the selling agent for the owner
first in, first out (FIFO) inventory method
inventory method based on the assumption that units purchased first are to be sold first
last in, first out (LIFO) inventory method
inventory method based on assumption that units purchased more recently are to be sold first
lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method
method comparing the value or cost of inventory versus current market price, and the lower price is recorded
net realizable value (NRV)
current value of the inventory in the market relative to estimated selling price minus all direct costs of disposing of the items
periodic inventory system
method whereby records are updated when a physical count of inventory on hand is done, after everything has been counted
perpetual inventory system
method whereby each sale and purchase transaction is recorded directly to the inventory account as records are constantly updated in real time
physical inventory
documented physical count of inventory items, usually taken at year-end
purchase order (PO)
record documenting approval and authorization for the purchase of inventory
receiving report
record that shows what items were received from a vendor
specific identification inventory method
method used for unique items whereby the cost of the unit sold is explicitly stated with each purchase
subsidiary inventory ledger
individual ledger accounts used to keep track of current inventory on hand for various items
weighted average inventory method
method whereby the carrying value of a unit of inventory is based on the weighted average cost of inventory purchases