accelerated depreciation method
method of depreciation that provides higher depreciation costs early in the life of an asset when repairs and maintenance are often low and lower depreciation in later years
adaptation
type of repair that changes an asset's original use to a new or different use
amortization
process of spreading or allocating a cost or payment over a period of time
betterment
type of repair that improves an asset so that its condition is better than its original condition
book value
fixed asset original cost less accumulated depreciation
capital expenditure
cost incurred to purchase a fixed asset, enhance an existing fixed asset, or extend its useful life, benefiting future periods
copyright
exclusive publishing rights for performing arts, literary works, visual arts, digital content, photographs, and motion pictures
depletion
process of transferring the cost of a natural resource to an expense as it is consumed
depreciable cost
cost of a fixed asset less its residual value
depreciation
process of allocating the cost of a fixed asset to an expense account over the life of the asset
double declining balance method
accelerated depreciation method that is a multiple of the straight-line method, most commonly twice the straight-line method
expected useful life
number of years a fixed asset is expected to remain in service for the company
fixed asset
tangible non-current asset used in the normal course of business
goodwill
premium paid over the market value of net assets (market value of identifiable assets minus market value of identifiable liabilities) in a completed acquisition
initial cost
purchase price plus all costs required to get the asset ready for its intended purpose or use
intangible asset
asset that is nonphysical and provides business entities with long-term rights, privileges, or competitive advantages
patent
exclusive right granted to use a process to produce or sell an item
residual value
anticipated value of a fixed asset at the end of its useful life
restoration
type of repair that renovates an older asset to a like-new condition
straight-line depreciation method
depreciation method that provides a constant amount of depreciation expense over the life of the fixed asset
trademark
unique symbol, name, phrase, or jingle used to identify a business entity, product, or service
units-of-activity method
depreciation method that bases depreciation expenses on the level of activity in a particular period