accrual basis accounting
recognizing revenue when earned and recording expenses when incurred regardless of the cash received or paid
cash basis accounting
recognizing and recording revenue or expenses in the period when cash is received or paid
cash equivalent
highly liquid short-term investment having the ability to be readily converted into cash
cash flows from financing activities
liability and owners' equity items that relate to obtaining and repaying borrowed amounts from creditors, as well as obtaining capital from shareholders
cash flows from investing activities
transactions and events that relate to acquiring and disposing of investments and productive long-lived assets
cash flows from operating activities
all transactions and events that are not investing and financing activities
direct method
basic accounting of cash receipts (or inflows) and cash disbursements (or outflows) from operating, investing, and financing activities
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
independent nonprofit standard-setting body responsible for establishing accounting standards for public companies in the United States
free cash flow
discretionary cash flow amount available for purchasing additional investments, retiring debt, purchasing treasury stock, or increasing company liquidity
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
combination of accounting principles, standards, and procedures that govern the preparation of financial statements
indirect method
method that reconstructs net cash flows from operating activities adjusting for noncash items in the income statement
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
independent foundation that develops a single set of globally accepted accounting standards (the IFRS) using due process
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
high-quality, understandable, enforceable, and globally accepted standards, based on clearly articulated principles
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
independent agency of the U.S. government that enforces federal securities laws, proposes securities rules, and regulates the securities industry
statement of cash flows
one of the four major financial statements, representing an organization's cash receipts and payments by operating, investing, and financing activity