Civil Rights Movement: 1954–1974

movement to help American Indians who had been pushed off reservations and into urban ghettos; also to secure their economic independence, protect their legal rights, preserve and revive traditional American Indian cultures, and gain control over current and former tribal lands

March 7, 1965; the day on which 600 unarmed, peaceful demonstrators protesting unfair voting laws were attacked by law enforcement officers in Selma, Alabama

1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that determined separate but equal public schools actually were not equal

peaceful refusal to comply with certain laws

law prohibiting discrimination based on an individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

civil rights organization to advance race relations and eradicate discriminatory policies through direct, nonviolent action; founded in 1942

way of life with a set of values and behaviors in opposition to how mainstream society lives and thinks

deprived of the right to vote

proposed amendment to the Constitution that would have outlawed gender-based discrimination. The ERA was passed by Congress but never ratified.

interracial groups, called Freedom Riders, who chartered buses to travel through the Deep South to test the recent desegregation laws pertaining to interstate transportation facilities, specifically bus terminals

economically depressed sections of cities that are almost exclusively populated by a minority group

President Lyndon B. Johnson's vision for economic and social reform in the mid-1960s

segregationist legislation, known as Jim Crow laws, that became common in the South following post–Civil War Reconstruction in the 1870s. Segregationist laws were legally abolished with passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

savagely killing a person, especially by hanging, without legal trial or authority

civil rights organization to ensure the rights of all people and end race-based discrimination; founded in 1909

activist organization to "take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society … exercising all the privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men"

1896 U.S. Supreme Court case that determined segregation laws for public facilities were legal as long as white people and black people were provided facilities of equal value

fees charged to voters as a prerequisite for voting

separation of white people and black people (and other minorities) in public places

someone who rents a parcel of land on which to farm and pays for that land with a share of the crops they grow

nonviolent protests during which protesters refuse to leave a particular place, such as a restaurant, store, or library, until the establishment's policies are changed

civil rights organization to coordinate nonviolent demonstrations and support local groups striving to achieve complete equality of African Americans in the United States; founded in 1957

civil rights organization formed to bring together people of all races to nonviolently protest white racism in the South; founded in 1960; disbanded in the 1970s

originally the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), formed to protest years of low wages and poor working conditions for Chicanos

counterculture group founded in January 1968 by political activists Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin