Early United States: 1791–1815

foreigner living in another country. Many aliens lived in the United States and wanted to become naturalized citizens.

expedition company commissioned by President Jefferson in 1804 to explore the northern half of the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase

ban on trade with a particular country or a group of countries

official prohibition of the export of goods from the United States to all nations. It was enacted in 1807.

internal tax added to the price of a good or commodity for the purpose of raising revenue

national bank founded in 1791 to collect taxes, print money, and pay the government's bills

goods brought in from other countries

forced enlistment of civilians into military service

fourth chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Marshall greatly influenced the development of the U.S. system of constitutional law.

notion that the Supreme Court determines the constitutionality of the president's executive actions as well as of local, state, and federal laws

area of 828,000 square miles purchased from France and stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canada-U.S. border

William Marbury's lawsuit against James Madison for the right to his commission to serve as a federal judge. The case established the practice of judicial review.

one of the leaders of the expedition sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis was President Jefferson's secretary.

16 judgeships President John Adams planned to fill with Federalists

law proposed by Congress in 1806 banning American merchants from importing British manufactured goods

1809 replacement of the Embargo Act allowing the United States to trade with all foreign nations except Britain and France

source of income for a nation

military conflict between the United States and Britain lasting from June 8, 1812, to February 17, 1815

1794 event during which farmers of southwestern Pennsylvania openly and violently defied the authority of the federal government to tax spirits

one of the leaders of the expedition sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. Clark was a lieutenant.

1797 incident in which three Frenchmen, known as X, Y, and Z, demanded loans and a bribe for setting up a meeting between the Americans and France's foreign minister when President Adams sent envoys to Paris to restore friendly relations