Great Depression: 1929–1938

New Deal law creating the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and designed to restore agricultural prosperity by limiting the production of certain crops and reducing livestock populations

period during which all banks were forced to close so the government could determine their solvency, or whether the bank had sufficient assets to operate successfully; initiated by President Roosevelt in March 1933

when customers lose faith in their banking institutions and rush to withdraw their deposits, causing insolvency and bank failure

march on Washington, DC, led by World War I veterans who demanded immediate payment of bonuses for their service in the war

practice of borrowing money from banks and other lenders to purchase stocks with the intent of selling the stocks for a profit at a later date

New Deal program that provided conservation jobs to unmarried men

severe, long-term economic recession

extended period of below average rainfall

environmental crisis that struck the Great Plains region during the 1920s, characterized by severe drought and widespread dust storms

gradual removal of rock or soil, usually by natural forces like wind and water

act that established an hourly minimum wage and rules governing overtime pay

institution created by the Glass-Steagall Act to insure bank deposits should a bank fail

law to protect bank customers' money. It separated commercial from investment banks, set up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and provided for bank oversight through the Federal Reserve.

makeshift towns populated by unemployed and dispossessed Americans, named for President Hoover

act to give greater autonomy to Native American tribes across the country

created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) with the goal of improving housing standards and making financing more attainable for homeowners

act to protect employee rights, including the right to organize and join a union as well as bargain collectively. It also established the National Labor Relations Board.

economic programs, reforms, and regulations implemented during President Franklin Roosevelt's first two terms in office

commission created by the Securities Act and Securities Exchange Act to improve the transparency of the stock market and increase investor trust in the institution

act that established a pension system for elderly Americans, funded through a payroll tax; later expanded to assist other groups, including dependents and the disabled

financial worth of a company that can be bought, sold, or traded in units called shares

collapse of the New York Stock Exchange that occurred on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929. Stock prices dropped dramatically.

New Deal program created to enhance the standard of living in the Tennessee River Valley through natural resource planning and flood control

Second New Deal program that employed over 8.5 million Americans from a range of professions, including construction workers, artists, writers, and actors